{"identifier":"CVE-2025-62593","cve":{"id":"CVE-2025-62593","description":"Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string \"Mozilla\" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0.","published":"2025-11-26T23:15:47.927000+00:00","modified":"2026-10-19T13:10:00.110000+00:00","status":"Analyzed","score":9.4,"severity":"CRITICAL","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","cvss_version":"4.0","affected":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:anyscale:ray:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"","versionStartExcluding":"","versionEndIncluding":"","versionEndExcluding":"2.52.0"}],"weaknesses":["CWE-352","CWE-94"],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09","source":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":["Patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v","source":"security-advisories@github.com","tags":["Exploit","Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis","source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593","source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"kev":{"cveID":"CVE-2025-62593","vendorProject":"Ray-Project","product":"Ray","vulnerabilityName":"Ray-Project Ray Code Injection Vulnerability","dateAdded":"2026-08-17","shortDescription":"Ray-Project Ray contains a code injection vulnerability that could allow remote code execution. Developers using Ray as a development tool may be exposed to this vulnerability exploitable through Firefox and Safari.","requiredAction":"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.","dueDate":"2026-08-20","knownRansomwareCampaignUse":"Unknown","forensicTriage":"Yes","notes":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v ; https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09 ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593","cwes":["CWE-94","CWE-352"]},"kev_checked":true,"metrics":{"cvssMetricV40":[{"source":"security-advisories@github.com","type":"Secondary","cvssData":{"version":"4.0","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","baseScore":9.4,"baseSeverity":"CRITICAL","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"PASSIVE","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","vulnIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","subConfidentialityImpact":"HIGH","subIntegrityImpact":"HIGH","subAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","exploitMaturity":"NOT_DEFINED","confidentialityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","integrityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","availabilityRequirement":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackVector":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackComplexity":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedAttackRequirements":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedPrivilegesRequired":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedUserInteraction":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubIntegrityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact":"NOT_DEFINED","Safety":"NOT_DEFINED","Automatable":"NOT_DEFINED","Recovery":"NOT_DEFINED","valueDensity":"NOT_DEFINED","vulnerabilityResponseEffort":"NOT_DEFINED","providerUrgency":"NOT_DEFINED"}}],"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","baseScore":8.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","attackVector":"NETWORK","attackComplexity":"LOW","privilegesRequired":"NONE","userInteraction":"REQUIRED","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":2.8,"impactScore":5.9}],"ssvcV203":[{"source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0","ssvcData":{"timestamp":"2026-08-18T03:55:34.674806Z","id":"CVE-2025-62593","options":[{"exploitation":"active"},{"automatable":"yes"},{"technicalImpact":"total"}],"role":"CISA Coordinator","version":"2.0.3"}}]},"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:anyscale:ray:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"2.52.0","matchCriteriaId":"EEAA235D-B305-4247-8840-CCABC90D54C1"}]}]}],"source":"nvd","retrieved_at":"2026-10-28T16:19:13.680575+00:00","exploited":true,"kev_stale":false,"products":["anyscale / ray"],"priority":{"label":"Known exploitation: prioritize review","reasons":["CISA KEV lists real-world exploitation."]},"epss":{"probability":0.6015,"percentile":0.99132,"date":"2026-10-28","stale":false},"version_assessment":null},"news":[],"campaigns":[],"domains":[{"domain":"github.com","source_url":"https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09","investigate_url":"https://investigate.aeglixmind.com/#github.com"},{"domain":"www.bitsight.com","source_url":"https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis","investigate_url":"https://investigate.aeglixmind.com/#www.bitsight.com"},{"domain":"www.cisa.gov","source_url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593","investigate_url":"https://investigate.aeglixmind.com/#www.cisa.gov"}],"arsenal_url":"https://arsenal.aeglixmind.com/?cve=CVE-2025-62593","catalog_url":"https://cves.aeglixmind.com/cve/CVE-2025-62593","research_url":"https://investigate.aeglixmind.com/research/cve/CVE-2025-62593","coverage":{"news_candidates_checked":0,"campaign_candidates_checked":0,"bounded":false,"notice":"Exact CVE mentions in stored public excerpts and reviewed campaign content only. A mention is not proof of exploitation, attribution or tool suitability. Missing matches do not establish absence."}}